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The fields of antebellum (pre-Civil War) political history and women’s history use separate sources

and focus on separate issues. Political historians, examining sources such as voting records, newspapers, and politicians’ writings, focus on the emergence in the 1840’s of a new “American political nation,” and since women were neither voters nor politicians, they receive little discussion. Women’s historians, meanwhile, have shown little interest in the subject of party politics, instead drawing on personal papers, legal records such as wills, and records of female associations to illuminate women’s domestic lives, their moral reform activities, and the emergence of the woman’s rights movement.

However, most historians have underestimated the extent and significance of women’s political allegiance in the antebellum period. For example, in the presidential election campaigns of the 1840’s, the Virginia Whig party strove to win the allegiance of Virginia’s women by inviting them to rallies and speeches. According to Whig propaganda, women who turned out at the party’s rallies gathered information that enabled them to mold party-loyal families, reminded men of moral values that transcended party loyalty, and conferred moral standing on the party. Virginia Democrats, in response, began to make similar appeals to women as well. By the mid-1850’s the inclusion of women in the rituals of party politics had become commonplace and the ideology that justified such inclusion had been assimilated by the Democrats.

The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is

A. examine the tactics of antebellum political parties with regard to women

B. trace the effect of politics on the emergence of the woman’s rights movement

C. point out a deficiency in the study of a particular historical period

D. discuss the ideologies of opposing antebellum political parties

E. contrast the methodologies in two differing fields of historical inquiry

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為(A)，符合文章主旨，第一段講了P和W的觀點(diǎn)，第二段轉(zhuǎn)折，指出：大多數(shù)歷史學(xué)家低估了南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間女性正直忠誠(chéng)的程度和重要性。 (B)文章的確提到了女性，也提到了政治，但B項(xiàng)的表述“追蹤政治對(duì)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前女性權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的涌現(xiàn)的影響”屬于無(wú)中生有。 (C)文章第一段寫(xiě)對(duì)對(duì)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前的政治歷史和女性歷史涉及的研究資料是相互獨(dú)立的。第二段開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折，但后文并不是圍繞第一段研究的缺陷展開(kāi)討論，而是討論女性在政治當(dāng)中所起的作用。 (D)討論了反對(duì)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期政黨的意識(shí)形態(tài) (E)對(duì)比了連個(gè)不同歷史研究領(lǐng)域的方法論。文章第一段卻是涉及到了兩個(gè)不同的歷史研究領(lǐng)域，并且這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究方法（文中主要是研究資料）的確不同。但是第二段出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折詞however，我們說(shuō)過(guò)however連接的結(jié)構(gòu)，不管是詞、短語(yǔ)或者段落，however后邊的部分重要性都要超過(guò)前邊部分。因此第二段才是文章重點(diǎn)或者說(shuō)目的所在。